tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-73519794977389896822024-03-05T02:04:38.958-08:00Biblioteca di GiovanniEmmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.comBlogger11125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-92180744885129051772013-05-17T23:12:00.001-07:002022-01-18T19:44:13.482-08:00Krakatoa<br />
News travels fast, especially if it involves a natural disaster such as an earthquake, tsunami or volcanic eruption. We take it for granted now, but the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa" target="_blank">eruption of Krakatoa on August 27th, 1883</a> made global headlines within hours due to news transmissions via undersea <a href="http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Cables/CableTimeLine/index.htm" target="_blank">transoceanic telegraph wires</a>. Telegraph posts on various islands near Krakatoa gave continuous updates as the eruptions began. This was the first time newspapers around the world were able to give current reports and daily updates on a live event to their readers.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNoYZmU_LMqBhm1uCxCrEVbvt1qMQ1qYWKjWn2PDmQMj2xaC0qFih9TRxtha7Pewztx0XRlALHNLfb9m2emhjisoeW4r2Q_oaeMoVv0HeYo2oi3XOoI2CaYcAfpftIlnGOl1YA28UspTs/s1600/Krakatoa.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNoYZmU_LMqBhm1uCxCrEVbvt1qMQ1qYWKjWn2PDmQMj2xaC0qFih9TRxtha7Pewztx0XRlALHNLfb9m2emhjisoeW4r2Q_oaeMoVv0HeYo2oi3XOoI2CaYcAfpftIlnGOl1YA28UspTs/s320/Krakatoa.jpg" width="192" /></a><br />
Published in 1900,<i> </i><a href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3718773.r=krakatoa.langEN" target="_blank"><i>L'éruption du Krakatoa et les tremblements de terre</i></a> by <a href="http://www.answers.com/topic/camille-flammarion" target="_blank">Camille Flammarion</a> gave a description of natural disasters including those surrounding the time of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1883_eruption_of_Krakatoa" target="_blank">1883 eruption of Krakatoa</a>. <br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Camille Flammarion 1842-1925</td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.victorian-cinema.net/flammarion" target="_blank">Flammarion</a> was a noted French astronomer who helped to popularize the field of astronomy and wrote over 70 books. He founded the French Astronomical Society and the Juvisy Observatory. A crater on our moon and another crater on Mars are named after him. Many of his ideas about science translated into speculation about the world beyond earth and the afterlife. While his primary focus was on astronomy, he also studied other physical fields of science and philosophy. He was interested in the afterlife and speculated about life on other planets. He also studied other physical fields of science as well as "psychic forces" such as telepathy. </div>
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He is best remembered as a popular early science fiction writier of books such as <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Camille+Flammarion%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Id-VUdCyHMWYiALv0IGYAg&ved=0CFQQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Omega: The Last Days of the World</a> (which became <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjS-0M4Ply8" target="_blank">a film in 1930</a>), <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=KBg_AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Camille+Flammarion%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Id-VUdCyHMWYiALv0IGYAg&ved=0CGEQ6wEwCA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Uranie</a>, <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=VAhUAAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=inauthor:%22Camille+Flammarion%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=Id-VUdCyHMWYiALv0IGYAg&ved=0CDsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Lumen</a> and Stella. Omega was apocalyptic in nature and he drew from descriptions of Krakatoa to describe his futuristic end of life on earth:</div>
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA160&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U23Zxi9frwn2cziA32V1cs2fAnghA&ci=165%2C950%2C770%2C325&edge=0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="166" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA160&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U23Zxi9frwn2cziA32V1cs2fAnghA&ci=165%2C950%2C770%2C325&edge=0" width="400" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA161&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U3Ow5h2gMiQLUjs62NkOU1mJoyPEw&ci=61%2C108%2C760%2C1170&edge=0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA161&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U3Ow5h2gMiQLUjs62NkOU1mJoyPEw&ci=61%2C108%2C760%2C1170&edge=0" width="411" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA163&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U0Sj-OsFFXagS-MgsG2zbhy1Y_c_A&ci=143%2C256%2C663%2C937&edge=0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA163&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U0Sj-OsFFXagS-MgsG2zbhy1Y_c_A&ci=143%2C256%2C663%2C937&edge=0" width="451" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA162&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1y1ZW13n82hBQi5eLP5o74uDbhOw&ci=174%2C120%2C750%2C537&edge=0" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="286" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=I9QtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA162&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1y1ZW13n82hBQi5eLP5o74uDbhOw&ci=174%2C120%2C750%2C537&edge=0" width="400" /></a></div>
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A digital version of his non-fiction book on Krakatoa is posted at the end of this post. While there don't appear to be any other translations of his study on Krakatoa as a scientific work, there is plenty of information to be found on this infamous and tragic event. A much more recent book worth reading is Simon Winchester's 2003 book titled <a href="http://simonwinchester.com/books/krakatoa/" target="_blank">Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883</a> describes the chronology events, combines eyewitness accounts and adds more recent discoveries to the discussion.<br />
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Not only did people read about the eruption, many people actually heard it from as far as 3000 miles away. It ruptured the eardrums of nearby sailors. Many at first thought it was the sound of a ship in distress or thought it was artillery fire. It's little wonder considering the explosion was so intense that wild barometric pressure fluctuations were noted around the world. It's final explosive eruption is said to have produced the <a href="http://volcano.oregonstate.edu/historical-eruption-sounds" target="_blank">loudest sound ever recorded in history</a>. <br />
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&dq=krakatoa%20sailor&pg=PA79&ci=58%2C870%2C726%2C272&source=bookclip" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img height="238" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA79&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U359G1UzdWTypQktstYsGL-H1bUAQ&ci=58%2C870%2C726%2C272&edge=0" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&dq=krakatoa%20sailor&pg=PA80&ci=210%2C162%2C726%2C371&source=bookclip" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img height="326" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA80&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U34Ckh5i9ZCWJ2h4E1QEzdaTZQ6Dw&ci=210%2C162%2C726%2C371&edge=0" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&dq=krakatoa%20sailor&pg=PA80#v=snippet&q=ship&f=false" target="_blank">'The Eruption of Krakatoa: And Subsequent Phenomenon'</a></td></tr>
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There were visible effects for all to see as well. The sky darkened around the world by ash in the air and caused vivid red sunsets, <a href="http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/Geoscientist/Archive/February-2011/The-eruption-of-Krakatoa-and-subsequent-phenomena-etc-ed-G-J-Symons-1888" target="_blank">orange skies</a>, <a href="http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2004/07jul_bluemoon/" target="_blank">blue moons</a> and <a href="http://www.sott.net/article/160840-Strange-purple-suns-seen-over-California" target="_blank">lavender suns.</a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&dq=krakatoa%20sailor&pg=PA206&ci=190%2C654%2C745%2C251&source=bookclip" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img height="215" src="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA206&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2zRL6QiArbh9JesQQqIClkY7ymtg&ci=190%2C654%2C745%2C251&edge=0" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">From <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&dq=krakatoa%20sailor&pg=PA206#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">'The Eruption of Krakatoa: And Subsequent Phenomenon'</a></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.edvardmunch.org/images/paintings/the-scream.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.edvardmunch.org/images/paintings/the-scream.jpg" width="253" /></a><br />
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It is believed by <a href="http://www.skyandtelescope.com/about/pressreleases/3308421.html" target="_blank">researchers who studied atmospheric conditions and the location of the artist</a> that the skyline in <a href="http://www.edvardmunch.org/" target="_blank">Edvard Munch</a>'s 'The Scream' was inspired by blood red and orange skies caused by the eruption of Krakatoa. The following quote from an article titled <u><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2004/02/08/arts/art-the-scream-east-of-krakatoa.html" target="_blank">'The Scream', East of Krakatoa</a></u> published Feb 2, 2004 in the New York Time explains:</div>
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<i style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">Of the scene in New York, The New York Times of Nov. 28, 1883, reported: ''Soon after 5 o'clock the western horizon suddenly flamed into a brilliant scarlet, which crimsoned sky and clouds. People in the streets were startled at the unwonted sight and gathered in little groups on all the corners to gaze into the west. Many thought that a great fire was in progress.'' Two days later, Munch's hometown paper carried this account: ''A strong light was seen yesterday and today around 5 o'clock to the west of the city. People believed it was a fire: but it was actually a red refraction in the hazy atmosphere after sunset.''</i></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i>Munch wasn't even alone on his twilight perambulation around Christiania. He wrote in his journal: ''I was walking along the road with two friends -- then the Sun set -- all at once the sky became blood red -- and I felt overcome with melancholy. I stood still and leaned against the railing, dead tired -- clouds like blood and tongues of fire hung above the blue-black fjord and the city.''</i></span></div>
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<i>Where Munch was alone, though, was in his response. ''My friends went on,'' the journal entry continues, ''and I stood alone, trembling with anxiety. I felt a great, unending scream piercing through nature.''</i></div>
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Krakatoa had a history of explosive and dramatic eruption. The following entry from <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Vk8PAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA385&dq=krakatoa+sailor&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jZuVUdniO-jWiwLE3oCYAQ&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Eruption of Krakatoa: And Subsquent Phenomena</a> published in 1888 mentions eruptions of Krakatoa in the 1600s.</div>
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The 1883 eruption of Krakatoa tore the island and volcano apart, caused tsunami's with 120 foot high waves, caused fluctuations in barometric pressure readings around the globe and forever changed the physical landscape of the Sunda Straits. <br />
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This eruption of Krakatoa is the second deadliest volcano on record having caused over 35,000 deaths which is slightly more than <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesuvius" target="_blank">Mount Vesuvius</a> of Italy caused in 79AD. Only <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1815_eruption_of_Mount_Tambora" target="_blank">Mount Tambora</a>, also in Indonesia, took a greater toll when it caused triple the amount of deaths and a year without summer in 1815.</div>
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In 1927, a new volcano erupted from the sea floor and has been dubbed <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krakatoa" target="_blank">Anak Krakatoa</a> or the son of Krakatoa which remains highly active. It's both the youngest and fastest growing volcano on the planet. The potential for another major eruption in the future is not in question.</div>
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In 2006, a BBC docudrama recounted the events of the 1883 eruption of <a href="http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0791318/" target="_blank">Krakatoa: The Last Days</a>. </div>
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Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-49352514731127130672013-05-14T13:40:00.002-07:002013-05-26T01:03:29.415-07:00"Popular Scientific Recreation" Part II - A Flea Circus Example of Variations in Translations<div>
<a href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/ricreazioni-scientifiche-ovvero-linsegnamento-coi-giuochi/oclc/797238976?referer=di&ht=edition" target="_blank">Le Ricreazioni Scientifiche ovvero L'insegnamento coi Giuochi</a> is full of wonderful illustrations and I plan to periodically revisit examples from this book since I will touch on only one passage (or lack of one) for now.</div>
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Originally published in France under the title <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-dsyAQAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_similarbooks" target="_blank">Les récréations scientifiques, ou L'enseignement par les jeux</a>, the author, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Tissandier" target="_blank">Gastone Tissandier</a>, wrote many similar books in the late 1800s. He also founded the magazine<i> La Nature</i> which eventually merged with another magazine to become <i>La Recherche</i> which is still in publication.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flea-drawn carriage in the Italian version</td></tr>
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The copy in our library is the Italian translation though I wasn't able to find a digital copy of it online. A search for it led me to find the original French text as well as many other translations in English, Norwegian and Spanish.) I originally intended to only embed the English translation. However I soon discovered an illustration I wanted to share was missing from that version. I've embedded the English, French and Spanish online copies at the end of this post for comparison. The <a href="http://bibliotek.dk/vis.php?base=&field1=lfc&term1=Tissandier%20Gaston" target="_blank">Norwegian version</a> can be found at the Danish library site bibliotek.dk.<br />
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In comparing the English text with the Italian copy we have, I found a great example of how a translation may be edited to suit the publisher and the new audience. The French, Italian, Spanish and Norwegian texts all have the illustration below and paragraph on flea drawn carriages from a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flea_circus" target="_blank">flea circus</a>. Flea circuses and flea feats <a href="http://www.fleacircus.co.uk/History.htm" target="_blank">began in the 1500s</a> and were still very popular during this time period, but for unknown reasons it was omitted from the English text. Certainly the flea circuses were popular in England too so perhaps the translator or publisher wasn't a big fan or didn't feel it was scientific enough.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flea-drawn carriage in Norwegian version</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">from the original French version</td></tr>
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Flea circuses recently made the headlines when a <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-21991622" target="_blank">German Flea Circus was killed off by cold weather</a>. For more on the history of the flea circus, see the videos below or visit these sites: <a href="http://www.noonco.com/flea/faq.htm">http://www.noonco.com/flea/faq.htm</a>, <a href="http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/03/victorian-flea-circuses-lost-art-form.html">http://www.darkroastedblend.com/2009/03/victorian-flea-circuses-lost-art-form.html</a> and <a href="http://fleascircuses.blogspot.com/">http://fleascircuses.blogspot.com/</a><br />
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<br />Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-57517927141137677082013-05-07T13:06:00.000-07:002013-05-26T00:56:09.998-07:00"Popular Scientific Recreation" Part I - Catatonic ChickensI imagine my father-in-law, Giovanni, knew about this trick. He spent his childhood summers in the countryside near Modena, Italy where he very likely encountered a chicken or two.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6PTEygGLdTwXtGq5_2pF3grlKvIkxmRe3uBANGq_UXpMG-Ht9XMnvFvkjIfLL2gNHDpsAvDzHWla1P8MfGbyPcks2YiXiYeroJRoTnnDl8x9bPmkUTI2QY0r16DxNwp_JgY6Ru3ouBZU/s1600/20130215_201833.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6PTEygGLdTwXtGq5_2pF3grlKvIkxmRe3uBANGq_UXpMG-Ht9XMnvFvkjIfLL2gNHDpsAvDzHWla1P8MfGbyPcks2YiXiYeroJRoTnnDl8x9bPmkUTI2QY0r16DxNwp_JgY6Ru3ouBZU/s320/20130215_201833.jpg" width="240" /></a> Even though my father grew up in a city, as a kid he used to spend a lot of the summer on his grandfather's family farm. He often tells stories of his adventures, misadventures and mischief. One of those starts with "Do you know how to hypnotize a chicken?" After a lot of head shaking, he would tell us all you have to do is make it stare at a line...hmmm...should we believe this? Is it really that easy? Usually there was a lot of head shaking and "Really? Nooo...really?" as he would insist "Yes, really." As we never had a chicken handy to test this theory or had ever seen it done, we cautiously believed it. <br />
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As it turns out, this prankster farm activity has been delighting kids, fascinating adults and confounding chickens for a very, very long time. There is an illustration of a catatonic chicken in the 1882 publication of <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/title/ricreazioni-scientifiche-ovvero-linsegnamento-coi-giuochi/oclc/797238976?referer=di&ht=edition" target="_blank">Le Ricreazioni Scientifiche ovvero L'insegnamento coi Giuochi</a> (originally published in France under the title <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=-dsyAQAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_similarbooks" target="_blank">Les récréations scientifiques, ou L'enseignement par les jeux</a>) by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Tissandier" target="_blank">Gastone Tissandier</a>. The passage in the book describes how to hypnotise a rooster by either drawing a white line on a dark table or a dark line on a white table. <br />
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_hypnotism" target="_blank">Chicken hypnotism</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_death#Tonic_immobility" target="_blank">tonic immobility</a> has interested scientists for centuries. Current explanations indicate it is a response to fear. Playing dead or remaining immobile isn't foolproof, but it does keep some of these animals from winding up as dinner for a predator in the wild. <br />
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The quote below credits the first time this behavior was described in literature and was taken from <a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qxk8AAAAYAAJ&dq=Mirabile%20Experimentum%20de%20Imaginatione%20Gallinae&pg=PA540#v=onepage&q=Mirabile%20Experimentum%20de%20Imaginatione%20Gallinae&f=false" target="_blank">The Journal of Mental Sciences Volume 26</a> published in 1881.<br />
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<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qxk8AAAAYAAJ&dq=Mirabile%20Experimentum%20de%20Imaginatione%20Gallinae&pg=PA540&ci=124%2C1241%2C736%2C168&source=bookclip"><img src="http://books.google.com/books?id=qxk8AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA540&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U3JlL6OCLSu2wQ2GhVKrtoJyEGcjQ&ci=124%2C1241%2C736%2C168&edge=0" /></a><br />
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=qxk8AAAAYAAJ&dq=Mirabile%20Experimentum%20de%20Imaginatione%20Gallinae&pg=PA541&ci=143%2C172%2C740%2C464&source=bookclip"><img src="http://books.google.com/books?id=qxk8AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA541&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1CLH7PQGGuK2cQqZot7g4EJjvd8w&ci=143%2C172%2C740%2C464&edge=0" /></a><br />
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So what does it look like in action? See the video below for a better idea.<br />
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<br />Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-82675291961702287522012-12-08T02:35:00.001-08:002013-06-05T18:01:12.352-07:00Architecture and Engineering in the Construction of Bridges<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Bridges were one of Giovanni’s interests as an architect. He even went so far as to patent one of his original designs. <span style="text-align: center;">Naturally he was also interested in collecting books pertaining to bridge construction and technique.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdpO0ycOFg5xQDDGyu5MftRGtU0RbxDq9nzdF1D_mFyTJhTrGNtwekSyxI1pccvQkIfN2sYj43FvCKwrVECnDOgjoJ7Qgk1JcyVYldxqkK-5f3T184v-Tg_w6x-zZBeKZZnXiWt_r0uSk/s1600/P1580204.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; display: inline !important; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdpO0ycOFg5xQDDGyu5MftRGtU0RbxDq9nzdF1D_mFyTJhTrGNtwekSyxI1pccvQkIfN2sYj43FvCKwrVECnDOgjoJ7Qgk1JcyVYldxqkK-5f3T184v-Tg_w6x-zZBeKZZnXiWt_r0uSk/s400/P1580204.JPG" width="310" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwzJm7IoBSxVE2u4mtAN-_432xoSejdYA7fgx19KWtRXibJ9C8Jj01C7RuWFPjBh4MYMryRtGmZm-jfFMXmQgkB-92f_fbdtCKwRNH66iFG7P0IetZ_2n3Ae0Ap-QbDAzsihCe5HRHhU/s1600/P1580207.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiwzJm7IoBSxVE2u4mtAN-_432xoSejdYA7fgx19KWtRXibJ9C8Jj01C7RuWFPjBh4MYMryRtGmZm-jfFMXmQgkB-92f_fbdtCKwRNH66iFG7P0IetZ_2n3Ae0Ap-QbDAzsihCe5HRHhU/s320/P1580207.JPG" width="272" /></a> It was immediately apparent this book was one of his favorites and an important work in his collection as it had been carefully wrapped in order to preserve it from further deterioration. The cover is in poor shape and perhaps in need of replacement, but there are two very good reasons to refrain from altering it in any way. Attached to the cover of the book is a label indicating where the book was originally sold. Inside the front cover, is a handwritten inscription and name of a former owner.<br />
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"Se vend chez Jean-Pierre Giegler, Libraire, cours <i>de' Servi</i>, </h3>
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vis-à-vis l'Auberge <i>della Città</i>, à Milan."</h3>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=VgZRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1dBKjJS3gbL1IOpTbBc8CZD7jC4g&ci=4%2C5%2C983%2C1559&edge=0" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://books.google.it/books?id=VgZRAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U1dBKjJS3gbL1IOpTbBc8CZD7jC4g&ci=4%2C5%2C983%2C1559&edge=0" width="250" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=VgZRAAAAcAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Jean%20P.%20Giegler%22&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"><span style="font-size: small;">1806 Catalog</span></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixK2Bl1rQf-CdY64gNXH9-ZbOj7UqouV6al-548ycavj38_fTfVy8SrsfELM9yYuvtdPnADwHb37LYt38wzfSLKDmMdFvyQiY3rK50HAgyN1Dg3Oaz7lXxTfavzKUcckDhUvM-BCJGRU4/s1600/P1580205-001.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixK2Bl1rQf-CdY64gNXH9-ZbOj7UqouV6al-548ycavj38_fTfVy8SrsfELM9yYuvtdPnADwHb37LYt38wzfSLKDmMdFvyQiY3rK50HAgyN1Dg3Oaz7lXxTfavzKUcckDhUvM-BCJGRU4/s320/P1580205-001.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b>"Sold at Jean-Pierre Giegler, </b></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><b>Bookseller, <a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=milano+Cours+de'+Servi,+n.+603,&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bpcl=39650382&biw=1600&bih=738&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl" target="_blank">Largo </a></b></span><b><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://maps.google.com/maps?hl=en&q=milano+Cours+de'+Servi,+n.+603,&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bpcl=39650382&biw=1600&bih=738&um=1&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wl" target="_blank">Corsia dei Servi</a>, </span></b><br />
<b><span style="font-size: small;">across from the City Hotel, in Milan."</span> </b></td></tr>
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Jean-Pierre Giegler, also known as Giovanni-Pietro, was a well-known Swiss bookseller and publisher operating in the heart of Milan. Little more information is available about him, but several sources use the following quote: <a href="http://www.abebooks.fr/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=7702302353&searchurl=sortby%3D1%26tn%3Dalde" target="_blank"> "Giegler (1772-1828), apparently started in Kehl and Lausanne and, in about 1799, moved his business to Milan. While in Lausanne, he published his own novel La Seduction, ou, Histoire de Lady Revel. Nouvelle (1795), which seems to have enjoyed considerable notoriety. In Milan, Giegler issued a series of catalogues, of which several from 1804 and 1805 still survive."</a> According to <a href="http://www.idref.fr/102365385" target="_blank">another source</a>, he had opened a bookshop and reading room in Lausanne before 1792, moved to Milan and established a bookstore around 1797, also published under the name "Giegler et compagnie" and was the author of two travel guides to Italy. "His widow Françoise Barrat and his heirs succeeded him in 1828 before selling their patent in October 1831 with Carlo Branca and Alessandro Clemente Dupuy." Some of Giegler's catalogs have been digitized, including one from 1806 in which Giovanni's book appears on the list:<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">See page <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=VgZRAAAAcAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Jean%20P.%20Giegler%22&pg=PA150#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">here</a></span></td></tr>
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Ingegnere Francesco Buzzi (1789-1839)</h3>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">of the Engineer Francesco Buzzi - Dell' Ingegnere <a href="http://www.dervio.org/qd/pers/fam/buzzi2.htm" target="_blank">Francesco Buzzi</a> (1789-1839) 1833</span></td></tr>
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It would seem this book passed through the hands of at least one other well known person. Though most of the handwriting is hard to read, the name of Ingenere <a href="http://www.dervio.org/qd/pers/fam/buzzi2.htm" target="_blank">Francesco Buzzi</a> is easily identifiable. Originally from Dervio, he was the nephew of a well-known opthamologist of the same name. He excelled in school and studied both architecture and engineering at the University of Pavia. He entered into public service in 1811, eventually becoming Engineer in Chief in Bergamo in 1830 moving to Milan to take the same office there and then moved back to Bergamo in 1836 where he remained until he died in 1839. His <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=1LtIAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA441&dq=Francesco+Buzzi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gxDJUKH3GMGYtAbNuYDYCg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=Francesco%20Buzzi&f=false" target="_blank">obituary</a> which appeared in the <i><b>Giornale d'indizi giudiziarj della provincia di Bergamo</b></i> was several pages long and makes it clear he was a celebrated person in his time. <br />
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<a href="http://archive.org/stream/recueildedivers02lesagoog#page/n12/mode/2up" target="_blank">Recueil de divers mémoires extraits de a </a></h3>
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<a href="http://archive.org/stream/recueildedivers02lesagoog#page/n12/mode/2up" target="_blank">Bibliothèque des ponts et chaussées à l'usage des élèves ingénieurs </a></h3>
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<a href="http://www.enpc.fr/sites/default/files/images/Biblioth%C3%A8que/Lesage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://www.enpc.fr/sites/default/files/images/Biblioth%C3%A8que/Lesage.jpg" width="305" /></a> </td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.enpc.fr/lesage-et-la-bibliotheque"><b>Pierre Charles Lesage</b></a><br />
2 Dec 1740 - 20 Dec 1810</td></tr>
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<i>(Collection of various memoir extracts from the Library of roads and bridges for use by engineering students)</i>, by Pierre Charles Lesage was printed in 1806. There don't appear to be any translations or later updated editions published, however it has been digitized and is available to read as a free ebook online at either <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=I6E_AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Google Books</a> or <a href="http://archive.org/search.php?query=Recueil%20de%20divers%20m%C3%A9moires%20extraits%20de%20la%20Biblioth%C3%A8que" target="_blank">Archive.org</a>. It is essentially a textbook which Lesage compiled for students from the resources available at l'École des Ponts et Chaussées (the School of Bridges and Roads) which was founded under King Louis XV and remains one of the oldest engineering schools in operation.<br />
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"The Corps of Engineers of Ponts et Chaussées (Bridges and Roads) was created in 1716. A decree issued by the Royal Council in 1747 entrusting Jean-Rodolphe Perronet with the task of setting up a training programme specific to state engineers is regarded as the act which led to the founding of the School....From its fondation in 1747 to 1794, the School essentially bore the stamp of one man, its director, Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, engineer, administrator, and man of learning whose name is associated with the Encyclopedia of d'Alembert and Diderot..." </blockquote>
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<a href="http://www.blogger.com/.http://www.enpc.fr/english/enpc/history1.htm?sr=2&ur=1" target="_blank">- The École des Ponts school website</a></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrk2c4mgBfwRQ_xVvpxoEtwCWwJyspskJ0krqbC1a48Hr8xaHi2z9GzMN407X5hKijdATrk83GCFXzpC10IaOlBi2HBPX1ns3pAI2ryK0p-33-5UMuudTRbO32XypBTrqBOe_QLKWX0Io/s1600/P1580215.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrk2c4mgBfwRQ_xVvpxoEtwCWwJyspskJ0krqbC1a48Hr8xaHi2z9GzMN407X5hKijdATrk83GCFXzpC10IaOlBi2HBPX1ns3pAI2ryK0p-33-5UMuudTRbO32XypBTrqBOe_QLKWX0Io/s320/P1580215.JPG" width="251" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Jean-Rodolphe Perronet<br />(27 October 1708 – 27 February 1794)</span></td></tr>
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Today the <a href="http://lesageblog.enpc.fr/category/bibliotheque-lesage/" target="_blank">library</a> at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cole_des_Ponts_ParisTech" target="_blank">Ecole des Ponts ParisTech</a> is named after <a href="http://www.enpc.fr/lesage-et-la-bibliotheque" target="_blank">Lesage</a>. He initially entered the school as a student, but remained as an instructor and eventually became Deputy Director and then Inspector of the school. One of his many tasks was to organize the reference materials in the building and in effect served as the first school librarian. Many of these materials had once belonged to his predecessor and original director of the school, <a href="http://www.enpc.fr/english/enpc/perronet.htm?sr=3&ur=16" target="_blank">Jean-Rodolphe Perronet</a>, who donated all of his materials to the school upon his retirement. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Rodolphe_Perronet" target="_blank">Perronet</a> was a prominent architect and engineer whose work under King Louis XV led to the creation of the engineering school for the purpose of training new students. He had been friends with the King from a very early age and remained close to him for many years. He was the "spiritual founder" of the school and a statue of him can be found near the campus today.<br />
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<a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=I6E_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2JjeaR_4vX3VHWw27PzHPLWuPr_g&ci=112%2C140%2C574%2C838&edge=0" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="http://books.google.it/books?id=I6E_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA11&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U2JjeaR_4vX3VHWw27PzHPLWuPr_g&ci=112%2C140%2C574%2C838&edge=0" width="271" /></a></div>
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The book compiled by Lesage, honors Perronet from the beginning with a <a href="http://archive.org/stream/recueildedivers02lesagoog#page/n12/mode/2up">portrait of him next to the title page</a> and then followed up with a <a href="http://archive.org/stream/recueildedivers02lesagoog#page/n16/mode/2up" target="_blank">biographical historical notice</a>. A summary of his completed projects is then provided. Most of the book provides histories of various bridges in Europe. There are also several pages of useful tables of measurement in the back half of the book. Folded illustrations are sprinkled throughout the book. The plates below were beautifully illustrated but unfortunately didn't seem to transfer as well during the process of digitization. Below are images of these plates taken from Giovanni's copy of the book.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Plan de Plusieurs Etoile Et Avenues - PL. XI.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Vue Perspective de la place et de pont de la concorde a Paris</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Close up of Vue Perspective de la place et de pont de la concorde a Paris</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Angleterre - Pont a Bascule de Birmingham 1784 PL VI</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Details du Pont a Bascule de Birmingham - Plan VII</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Plan General Du Canal Projette - PL XIV</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Elevation d'une Maison de la Rue d'Oxford a Londres - Plan 1re</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Profil d'une des Rues de Londres, qui fait voir la maniere dont les lanternes sont placees Pl 11</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Profil de la Rue Piccadilly - PL III</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Profils - Pl IV</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Pont a Bascule Barriere Picadily a Londres - Plan V</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpuOC0AzrnqYWQppE4Nn2d2WCeK71yBQgMGb7RyLGK-8VdXPeHJQZHbCzskXLp6gIQE4K8ndbI0scMIdpaF3j31izYvbAYT6l2IHrKNLtHk90s69sBUuFysCSIvQHLoxsKmCCMVXCtp0w/s1600/P1580284.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpuOC0AzrnqYWQppE4Nn2d2WCeK71yBQgMGb7RyLGK-8VdXPeHJQZHbCzskXLp6gIQE4K8ndbI0scMIdpaF3j31izYvbAYT6l2IHrKNLtHk90s69sBUuFysCSIvQHLoxsKmCCMVXCtp0w/s1600/P1580284.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Autre Balance a Peser Les Voitures Chargees Executee en Angleterre - PL VIII</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Plan Coupe et Elevation Du Pont En Fer - PL IX</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDssiKvFT4CYoHufR94-NAFJ3zbR9AvHKAo1UF5gon5MZELtx1qHs0_w1NouuSZGyNDQcacahnBKOTQQfQV__0CAQlrEiL49FrDSvVrJBdFEH4ebV9O94zcc_kzVZG0Hw6UiLNWh9IoI/s1600/P1580289.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuDssiKvFT4CYoHufR94-NAFJ3zbR9AvHKAo1UF5gon5MZELtx1qHs0_w1NouuSZGyNDQcacahnBKOTQQfQV__0CAQlrEiL49FrDSvVrJBdFEH4ebV9O94zcc_kzVZG0Hw6UiLNWh9IoI/s1600/P1580289.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Machine en usage dans les Ports D'Angleterre Pour Decharger a Quai les Navires Qui Sont Dans Le Port - PL XV</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgepVqPmYpRdC1kGSllqf83jEvoJTiKz3kVVB0XFKfIw2KVX0Pjr7aJ3tLp-1SgxK2nCl8cWV1gD92zJvsrHOcpVMiaHiWKATwBWXHoHAjKP0vdl-KaV5CeAEkBoONfgDTONr_0b-oQTQg/s1600/P1580295.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgepVqPmYpRdC1kGSllqf83jEvoJTiKz3kVVB0XFKfIw2KVX0Pjr7aJ3tLp-1SgxK2nCl8cWV1gD92zJvsrHOcpVMiaHiWKATwBWXHoHAjKP0vdl-KaV5CeAEkBoONfgDTONr_0b-oQTQg/s1600/P1580295.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Profils des Principales Routes Executees en France - PL X</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyVAIJ960dwRCCDlCHzspYhH4MdOJ0t04GCKlLT7oSUXBAyhU4jD8ydBNVzExYGAtsNenz-VcvAp93bsgPY4m-Hp5UymIeG7N1opk39sYYwYHf7p5rCzBU5LXfpOAEloLbgm5PkJWKmN0/s1600/P1580308.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyVAIJ960dwRCCDlCHzspYhH4MdOJ0t04GCKlLT7oSUXBAyhU4jD8ydBNVzExYGAtsNenz-VcvAp93bsgPY4m-Hp5UymIeG7N1opk39sYYwYHf7p5rCzBU5LXfpOAEloLbgm5PkJWKmN0/s1600/P1580308.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Vers A Tuyaux - PL XII</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj02wgl-aUZ4txNKEcroTJdLkiNHM7Zn3AfpJ1oZJJCfjAie1wwF-R3efoYoxyVUfQBAf1qNd8HE82MKtgCeue4ejlwa6QS2Z3U8jBS-u_Pmmcr-OfWnhhEcYkFOfr-a_S-AXvt3a0smnU/s1600/P1580311.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj02wgl-aUZ4txNKEcroTJdLkiNHM7Zn3AfpJ1oZJJCfjAie1wwF-R3efoYoxyVUfQBAf1qNd8HE82MKtgCeue4ejlwa6QS2Z3U8jBS-u_Pmmcr-OfWnhhEcYkFOfr-a_S-AXvt3a0smnU/s1600/P1580311.JPG" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Machine pour connaitre les sous-courans dan une riviere qui a son embouchure a la Mer - PL XIII</span></td></tr>
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Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-18692918694750713542012-11-29T01:45:00.001-08:002014-11-17T20:17:53.613-08:00Exchanges in Currency<div style="margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center;">
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> In a time when economic discussions lead to the topic of currencies and their stability, it's easy to forget there were once many more currencies in play than there are today. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: right;"><span style="text-align: start;">Add coin collecting and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numismatics">numismatics</a> to Giovanni's list of hobbies and interests. </span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSHsMNHPT6J6CMORZUHTfn5vDDIGcJlVuu_81Skf_rj4XcgdNxyyg9cVO-w3X2CuHVRPCgtHyTyHWi6Hp-ynidt9xrRDij9bGjRMdBHWuMPqi0xtB5OQhn92le2owUpWx45hYJR92M9v0/s1600/19700103_061929.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSHsMNHPT6J6CMORZUHTfn5vDDIGcJlVuu_81Skf_rj4XcgdNxyyg9cVO-w3X2CuHVRPCgtHyTyHWi6Hp-ynidt9xrRDij9bGjRMdBHWuMPqi0xtB5OQhn92le2owUpWx45hYJR92M9v0/s640/19700103_061929.jpg" height="640" width="456" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; text-align: right;"><span style="text-align: start;">This next book is a small reminder of that complex history which has been studied and shared in numerous pubblications. </span><b style="text-align: start;">Tabella di Ragguaglio Fra La Lira Italiana Colle Lire Bolognesi e Milanesi e viceversa per uso del dipartimento del Reno, </b><span style="text-align: start;">or </span><i style="text-align: start;">Table of Comparison Of The Italian Lira With the Bolognese and the Milanese Lira and vice versa for use of the <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipartimento_del_Reno">Department of Reno</a>, </i><span style="text-align: start;">is a little paperback version of a currency converter for the year 1807. There are no online versions available, though it has been <a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=Tabella+di+Ragguaglio+Fra+La+Lira+Italiana+Colle+Lire+Bolognesi+e+Milanesi+e+viceversa+per+uso+del+dipartimento+del+Reno&oq=Tabella+di+Ragguaglio+Fra+La+Lira+Italiana+Colle+Lire+Bolognesi+e+Milanesi+e+viceversa+per+uso+del+dipartimento+del+Reno&aqs=chrome.0.57j59&sugexp=chrome,mod=7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#q=Tabella+di+Ragguaglio+Fra+La+Lira+Italiana+Colle+Lire+Bolognesi+e+Milanesi+e+viceversa+per+uso+del+dipartimento+del+Reno&sugexp=chrome,mod%3D7&um=1&ie=UTF-8&hl=en&tbo=u&tbm=bks&source=og&sa=N&tab=wp&ei=W9yzUM3bJcrYtAa05IGYBw&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=cf2d6747523c75a9&bpcl=38897761&biw=1600&bih=695" target="_blank">cited in the bibliographies</a> of a few other works. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Though there are little more than columns of numbers printed here, this table represents a period in history when Napoleon was at his peak and Italy was in a state of constant change.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br />Since 1713, Milan had been under Austrian rule. Napoleon invaded in 1796 which resulted in the founding of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic">Cisalpine Republic </a>with Milan as it's capital. In 1802, it was renamed the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Republic_(Napoleonic)">Italian Republic</a> after a constitutional change was made in order to proclaim Napoleon as President of Italy. A new currency was planned though never instituted as in a few short years the government would change again. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">In March 1805, the </span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Kingdom of Italy</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> was founded when Napoleon declared himself King of Italy and in May was crowned in the Duomo of Milan. The new currency soon followed. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The following is quoted from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" target="_blank">Wikipedia</a>:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>"The Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy issued coins between 1807 and 1813 in denominations of 1 and 3 centesimi and 1 soldo in copper, 10 centesimi in 20% silver alloy, 5, 10 and 15 soldi, 1, 2 and 5 lire in 90% silver and 20 and 40 lire in 90% gold. All except the 10 centesimi bore a portrait of Napoleon, with the denominations below 1 lira also showing a radiate crown and the higher denominations, a shield representing the various constituent territories of the Kingdom.........</i></span><span style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i>The kingdom was given a new national currency, replacing the local coins circulating in the country: the Italian lira, of the same size, weight, and metal of the French franc.[2] Mintage being decided by Napoleon with an imperial decree on March 21, 1806, the production of the new coins began in 1807. The monetary unit was the silver lira, which was 5 grams heavy. There were multiples of £2 (10 grams of silver) and £5 (25 grams of silver), and precious coins of £20 (6.45 grams of gold) and £40 (12.9 grams of gold). The lira was basically divided in 100 cents, and there were coins of 1 cent (2.1 grams of copper), 3 cents (6.3 grams of copper), and 10 cents (2 grams of poor silver), but following the tradition, there was a division in 20 soldi, with coins of 1 soldo (10.5 grams of copper, in practice 5 cents), 5 soldi (1.25 grams of silver), 10 soldi (2.5 grams of silver), and 15 soldi (3.75 grams of silver).</i></span></span><i style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">"</i></blockquote>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQk2LbOiszNG3yx__1ehc0DeVnEzgLey2k1rYQ5SGMJ9pOrDWGSwOlV2rJqnlZU5IClkMkEaSoULcYfm37P4NWdV2xQbzn8PIZEB5EAhxGxH817fV8DrqBz-rpDS2rLy9zJMlEoueZ03c/s1600/19700103_062151.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQk2LbOiszNG3yx__1ehc0DeVnEzgLey2k1rYQ5SGMJ9pOrDWGSwOlV2rJqnlZU5IClkMkEaSoULcYfm37P4NWdV2xQbzn8PIZEB5EAhxGxH817fV8DrqBz-rpDS2rLy9zJMlEoueZ03c/s640/19700103_062151.jpg" height="640" width="392" /></a></div>
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<b><u>Map of Italian States in 1804</u></b></h3>
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<iframe border="0px" frameborder="0" height="350px" id="widgetPreview" src="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~233039~5509630:-Composite-map-of--Map-of-the-Alpin?qvq=w4s:/when/1804;q:kingdom of italy;sort:Pub_List_No_InitialSort,Pub_Date,Pub_List_No,Series_No;lc:RUMSEY~8~1&mi=0&trs=8&embedded=true&cic=RUMSEY~8~1&widgetFormat=javascript&widgetType=detail&controls=1&nsip=1" style="border: 0px solid white;" width="700px"></iframe>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/0/0b/20120618130650!1807KingdomItaly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/archive/0/0b/20120618130650!1807KingdomItaly.jpg" height="393" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Map of the Kingdom of Italy in 1807</td></tr>
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<u><b>The New Currency </b></u></h3>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgo-JNygt2Briua9IENyv8xIAi6eS2xAXx56_w56rERJTz30toQe6WXCcsUJKra29GSGP0jQ5iYG4h3raKev8g3_XTxdyOJktRi_uJUnbcMure8h_x5XGiLe0A22h6bDbblDETiCn3E9E/s1600/19700103_062102.jpg" style="clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgo-JNygt2Briua9IENyv8xIAi6eS2xAXx56_w56rERJTz30toQe6WXCcsUJKra29GSGP0jQ5iYG4h3raKev8g3_XTxdyOJktRi_uJUnbcMure8h_x5XGiLe0A22h6bDbblDETiCn3E9E/s640/19700103_062102.jpg" height="640" width="445" /></a></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.panorama-numismatico.com/wp-content/uploads/2-lire-1813-bologna.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.panorama-numismatico.com/wp-content/uploads/2-lire-1813-bologna.jpg" height="200" width="95" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">example Bolognese Lira (1813)<br />
2 Lire </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.panorama-numismatico.com/wp-content/uploads/5-lire-bologna-1810.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.panorama-numismatico.com/wp-content/uploads/5-lire-bologna-1810.jpg" height="200" width="100" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">example Bolognese Lira (1810)<br />
5 Lire </td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cronosmonete.com/asta/images/catalogo/S375.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.cronosmonete.com/asta/images/catalogo/S375.jpg" height="96" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">example Milanese Lira (1807)<br />
3 centesimi</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.cronosmonete.com/asta/images/catalogo/S362.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.cronosmonete.com/asta/images/catalogo/S362.jpg" height="100" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">example Milanese Lira (1808)<br />
5 Lire</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b><u>The Previous Bolognese Currency</u></b></span></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRuU598FfhpAoJV2_p3dKlaeWZ8mltAylsdidjP7WjEATZtTVWp_6ryhFVCtnwQcgzVbhKK-TgM-hdXYDw67i4f_XoamO6IR65pVDdf18W4gN5fdX_tIrdyDIJdqsfdvylYogZEl_elZ8/s1600/19700103_062121.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRuU598FfhpAoJV2_p3dKlaeWZ8mltAylsdidjP7WjEATZtTVWp_6ryhFVCtnwQcgzVbhKK-TgM-hdXYDw67i4f_XoamO6IR65pVDdf18W4gN5fdX_tIrdyDIJdqsfdvylYogZEl_elZ8/s640/19700103_062121.jpg" height="640" width="352" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Before Napoleon created the <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_d'Italia_(1805-1814)">Kingdom of Italy</a>, Bologna was briefly called the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolognese_Republic">Bolognese Republic</a> in June 1796, was then annexed by the <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repubblica_Cispadana">Cispadane Republic</a> in October 1796 and later merged with the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpadane_Republic">Transpadane Republic</a> in July 1797 to form the the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic">Cisalpine Republic</a> . </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The website <a href="http://www.panorama-numismatico.com/monete-bolognesi-e-circolazione-monetaria-a-bologna-2a-parte/" target="_blank">Panorama-Numismatico</a> offers interesting background information on the Bolognese lire. Below is a rough translation of a quote concerning this period:</span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">"In 1796 Napoleon arrived in Bologna at the head of the French army and </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">declared </span></i><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">the papal government collapsed. He claimed to bring freedom but </span></i><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></i><i><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">immediately put in place heavy requisitions the proceeds of which were for the most part sent to France or used to defray the expenses of the army. With the silver coins he began to mint the <a href="http://www.wordnik.com/words/scudo" target="_blank">scudi</a> into 10 paoli and the mezzi scudi into five paoli. Their number was enormous, and today these coins are easy to find on the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">numismatic </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">market. Political events, after centuries of immobility, had a tumultuous course that ended in 1805 with the declaration of the Kingdom of Italy where Napoleon was king. Thus came to an end the last remnants of the city's autonomy: the types of the new coins minted in Bologna became identical to those coined in the other mints of the Kingdom of Italy, the only difference was a small letter located on the reverse side (B for Bologna, M for Milan, V for Venice) or small brand engravers and mint masters. The old metrological system (1 lira = 20 soldi = 240 denari) was replaced by the decimal introduced by Napoleon (1 lira or franc = 100 centimes). The new coins were aligned to the French and their weight was expressed in grams as the new metric weight." </span></i></blockquote>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.numista.com/catalogue/photos/italie_etats/g708.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://en.numista.com/catalogue/photos/italie_etats/g708.jpg" height="200" width="197" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">example of 10 Paoli from the<br />
<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118654/Cispadane-Republic" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(96, 120, 144); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #005580; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; outline: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial;">Cispadane Republic</a><br />
Bologna (1796)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://en.numista.com/catalogue/photos/italie_etats/g707.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://en.numista.com/catalogue/photos/italie_etats/g707.jpg" height="199" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">example of 10 Paoli from the<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; text-align: left;"> </span><br />
<a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118654/Cispadane-Republic" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(96, 120, 144); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #005580; font-family: georgia, serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; outline: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial;">Cispadane Republic</a><br />
Bologna (1796)</td></tr>
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<b><u>The Previous Milanese Currency</u></b></h3>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrTZfgBMlJwcijvNMFbxkmcrp1QPcsP0a7Bfd-SdTPH_JIu0oegijmdWWkatvhOZ_ZAk_tber3l_OktGQIdaH15Gyugl9yTVt_cqhymftpdOXQRVIVxnXFpSqgPZ7Xj8RlG4ST2ILBt_k/s1600/19700103_062138.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrTZfgBMlJwcijvNMFbxkmcrp1QPcsP0a7Bfd-SdTPH_JIu0oegijmdWWkatvhOZ_ZAk_tber3l_OktGQIdaH15Gyugl9yTVt_cqhymftpdOXQRVIVxnXFpSqgPZ7Xj8RlG4ST2ILBt_k/s640/19700103_062138.jpg" height="640" width="372" /></a></div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milanese_scudo">On the Milanese Scudo:</a></div>
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<i>"In the late 18th century, silver coins circulated in denominations of 5 soldi, ½, 1 and 1½ lire, ½ and 1 scudo. Gold coins were also struck in denominations of 1 zecchino, ½ and 1 sovrano, and 1 doppia. The Cispadane Republic issued gold 20 lire coins, whilst the Cisalpine Republic issued silver 30 soldi and 1 scudo coins."</i></blockquote>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Italian States, Cisalpine Republic, Scudo of 6 Lire, 1800 [Silver]</span></span></td></tr>
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A little history from <a href="http://www.moneymuseum.com/moneymuseum/coins/search/coin2.jsp?i=7&t=milan&pi=4&ps=10">MoneyMuseum.com</a> :</div>
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<i>"On his Italian campaign of 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte and his French revolutionary army rapidly conquered large parts of northern Italy – Lombardy as well as parts of the Papal States and Sardinia-Piedmont. In the process, the French were supported by the strong resentments of the Italian population against Austrian foreign rule. Subsequently, Napoleon began to develop a French satellite state system. He founded several reliant republics, among them the Cisalpine Republic with the capital of Milan and the Ligurian Republic around Genoa. Later, more foundations followed, such as the Parthenopaean Republic with Napels, the Roman Republic with Rome, and the Helvetic Republic with Aarau as capitals.</i></div>
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<i>Napoleon justified his policies with reference to empires such as the Roman and Carolingian, and, like them, used coinage as means of political propaganda. The obverse of this piece shows, according to antique Roman pattern, the personification of the Cisalpine Republic. The inscription on the reverse reads PACE CELEBRATA FORO BONAPARTE FONDATO ANNO IX. This coin thus celebrates the laying of the foundation of the Forum Bonaparte at Milan, and the peace of Lunéville that was made up in 1801 – the year 11 of the French revolutionary calendar – between France and Austria and also included the Holy Roman Empire."</i></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.moneymuseum.com/imgs/xcoins/image/2009/9/I_R_76174_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.moneymuseum.com/imgs/xcoins/image/2009/9/I_R_76174_2.jpg" height="197" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-right;">example of 30 soldi, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118633/Cisalpine-Republic" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(96, 120, 144); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #005580; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; outline: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial;">Cisalpine Republic</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-right;">Milano (1801)</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.moneymuseum.com/imgs/xcoins/image/2009/9/I_O_76174_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://www.moneymuseum.com/imgs/xcoins/image/2009/9/I_O_76174_2.jpg" height="195" width="200" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-right;">example of 30 soldi,</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; text-align: left;"> </span><a href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118633/Cisalpine-Republic" style="background-color: white; border-bottom-color: rgb(96, 120, 144); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #005580; font-size: 14px; line-height: 21.83333396911621px; outline: 0px; text-align: left; text-decoration: initial;">Cisalpine Republic</a></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 19px; text-align: -webkit-right;">Milano (1801)</span></td></tr>
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For another illustration of the confusion and chaos that must have existed in these years, see the videos below which play the anthem (the same song for all three) and display the flag of most of the governments of Northern Italy under Napoleon.</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/785E2SDDpqk?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://2.gvt0.com/vi/O_v2wc_neIo/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/O_v2wc_neIo&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/v/O_v2wc_neIo&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
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Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-73124950635534992332012-11-08T03:42:00.001-08:002013-05-26T00:51:34.808-07:00The Art and Science of WarAt first glance the brown cloth cover of <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=Pl%C3%A4ne+zu+dem+Abrichtungs-Reglement+der+k.+k.+Linien-Infanterie.&qt=owc_search" target="_blank"><b>Pläne zu dem Abrichtungs-Reglement der k. k. Linien-Infanterie</b></a>, or <b>Plans for the Training Regulations of the <a href="http://www.austrianphilately.com/field2civil/kukorkk.htm" target="_blank">Imperial-Royal</a> Line Infantry</b>, 1843, doesn't seem to be any more unusual than any of the other books in Giovanni's collection.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqi2Ucelhl_Ksq3ANty5-3pjju7DrbaKrjxFo5YZTWY9GL3ZBiyExoeyqTyXSkCluVxYDZzs7x28dYHPf-n3LBZerzfd4PCn_sa4s33Nw728Ie0Kh0RQHroIlQvUf-JNDofNPJu_BP0Ys/s1600/P1570782.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqi2Ucelhl_Ksq3ANty5-3pjju7DrbaKrjxFo5YZTWY9GL3ZBiyExoeyqTyXSkCluVxYDZzs7x28dYHPf-n3LBZerzfd4PCn_sa4s33Nw728Ie0Kh0RQHroIlQvUf-JNDofNPJu_BP0Ys/s320/P1570782.JPG" width="240" /></a><br />
Upon opening, a beautiful handwritten inscription indicates it once belonged to military leaders of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian_Empire" target="_blank">Austrian</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Army" target="_blank">Infantry</a> in the 1840's. Going further reveals a number of illustrations related to marksmanship, trajectory, troop formations and battle strategies. At one time there were also illustrations of uniforms. Unfortunately, those have not withstood time as well and mostly faded away. On a few pages there were still some faint outlines which I was able to digitally enhance enough to make out the images there. But for a better idea of what they looked like, there are already <a href="http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Uniforms_of_the_army_of_the_Empire_of_Austria-Hungary_(1843)" target="_blank">images online</a> or for a musical illustration, see the video below:<br />
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<object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="https://ytimg.googleusercontent.com/vi/mOF0Vm_9cJI/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="https://www.youtube.com/v/mOF0Vm_9cJI&fs=1&source=uds" /><param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true" /><embed width="320" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/v/mOF0Vm_9cJI&fs=1&source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></object></div>
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I hoped to find a digital version already online which would include the missing uniforms, but no such luck. In fact I had trouble finding many other references to this particular book. World Cat only lists two libraries, Yale and West Point, which have copies. I found a <a href="http://www.collectie.legermuseum.nl/asp/page.asp?alias=strategion&view=strategion&id=i001879&show=detail&priref=155407&collection=bibliotheek&q=" target="_blank">library in the Netherlands</a> which also owns this particular book and a set listed for sale in an antiques catalog.<br />
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Since there are few written details in this book, I looked to copies of similar training guides of other topics by the Austrian Army for more information. A link and quote from the 1843 companion edition is listed below:<br />
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<a href="http://archive.org/details/abrichtungsregl00armegoog" target="_blank"><b>Abrichtung Reglement für die k.k. Linien-Infanterie </b></a><br />
Armee - Befehl<br />
Zufolge allerhöchster Anordnung hat die k.k. Linien - Infanterie künftighin nach den in dem gegenwärtigen Reglement enthaltenen Vorschriften ausgebildet zu werden. <br />
Diesem nach erwartet man, dass sämmtliche Commandirenden Herren Generale, Feldmarschall, Lieutenante, insbesondere aber die Brigadiere, mit aller Strenge darueber wachen werden, dass die Commandanten der Linien - Infanterie sich genau nach den hier festgesetzen Vorschriften benehmen, und sich überhaupt Niemand eine willkürliche Abweichung von denselben erlaube. <br />
Wien am 1. October 1843</blockquote>
A <a href="http://translate.google.it/?printsec=frontcover&hl=en&sa=N&tab=pT#auto/en/Abrichtung%20Reglement%20f%C3%BCr%20die%20k.k.%20Linien-Infanterie%20%0A%0AArmee%20-%20Befehl%0A%0AZufolge%20allerh%C3%B6chster%20Anordnung%20hat%20die%20k.k.%20Linien%20-%20Infanterie%20k%C3%BCnftighin%20nach%20den%20in%20dem%20gegenw%C3%A4rtigen%20Reglement%20enthaltenen%20Vorschriften%20ausgebildet%20zu%20werden.%20%20%0A%0ADiesem%20nach%20erwartet%20man%2C%20dass%20s%C3%A4mmtliche%20Commandirenden%20Herren%20Generale%2C%20Feldmarschall%2C%20Lieutenante%2C%20insbesondere%20aber%20die%20Brigadiere%2C%20mit%20aller%20Strenge%20darueber%20wachen%20werden%2C%20dass%20die%20Commandanten%20der%20Linien%20-%20Infanterie%20sich%20genau%20nach%20den%20hier%20festgesetzen%20Vorschriften%20benehmen%2C%20und%20sich%20%C3%BCberhaupt%20Niemand%20eine%20willk%C3%BCrliche%20Abweichung%20von%20denselben%20erlaube.%20%20%0A%0AWien%20am%201.%20October%201843" target="_blank">rough translation</a> of the statement above is as follows:<br />
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Training regulations for K.K. Line Infantry<br />
Army - Command<br />
The following of the highest order for the Imperial -Royal Line Infantry to<br />
henceforth be trained according to the provisions contained in the present regulation.This after one expects, that all the commanding men generals, Field Marshal, Lieutenants, but especially the Brigadiers, will watch with the utmost severity about it, that the Commanders of the Line Infantry behave exactly in accordance with these laws of regulations, and allow no one at all arbitrary deviation of the same.<br />
Vienna on 1 October 1843</blockquote>
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For a better understanding of Europe and the scope of the Austrian Empire as it was in 1843, click here to <a href="http://bibliotecadigiovanni.blogspot.it/2012/11/the-art-and-science-of-war_8.html#more" target="_blank">see the full post</a>:<br />
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<iframe border="0px" frameborder="0" height="1000px" id="widgetPreview" src="http://www.davidrumsey.com/luna/servlet/detail/RUMSEY~8~1~21266~670077:Neueste-Karte-von-Europa-entworfen-?embedded=true&cic=RUMSEY~8~1&widgetFormat=javascript&widgetType=detail&controls=1&nsip=1" style="border: 0px solid white;" width="1000px"></iframe>
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According to the inscription in the book, this was used by the "Wukovier Feld Compagnie Nr 1" however search for that name or even for just "Wukovier" produced very few results. However there is a clue to be found in <b>Statistik der Militärgränze des österreichischen Kaiserthums: Volume 1</b> by Carl B. von Hietzinger written in 1817. Under a table of place names for <i><a href="http://www.napoleon-series.org/military/organization/Austria/ArmyStudy/c_AustrianArmyHungary1.html" target="_blank">Warasdiner Gränze </a>(Frontier), Warasdiner Kreutzer Regiment</i>, the name <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=T5QAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA325&lpg=PA325&dq=Wukovie&source=bl&ots=D6yGx6d4JS&sig=CobMtRrMSSu3XP6CfUeIilqP0i0&hl=en&sa=X&ei=n6KZUIynI8fxsgbszoH4CA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Wukovie&f=false" target="_blank">Wukovie</a> is listed. This may be an alternative spelling for Wukowar, known today as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vukovar" target="_blank">Vukovar, Croatia</a>. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UH35YVtAzWz2hHLGdz34rrSRIaFm_MeDODuTrH32YVEDNucIs6HNqT8ffmxM79cdlOQI2A3MYN-vahWviLEBBQ6Sq64XuSgC4mp3nA262MGkeuY9UAtR7ZYFyUhFAM-Guu9-j3gTJVk/s1600/P1570776.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="479" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9UH35YVtAzWz2hHLGdz34rrSRIaFm_MeDODuTrH32YVEDNucIs6HNqT8ffmxM79cdlOQI2A3MYN-vahWviLEBBQ6Sq64XuSgC4mp3nA262MGkeuY9UAtR7ZYFyUhFAM-Guu9-j3gTJVk/s1600/P1570776.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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I also tried searching for information on the names of Commanders written on the left side:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdy4fgoKCgYDfcAMegIP51P_d0C0a1GPkVeh6OD9AEcww2mcFaVq-oyBwrN1xpO6FS8GMSwDeHsqE2K9zN8_PyEHB5u3O55264jLGw5cU5RMVjpumSRmlNtrZGVtf5tkVdwStXZEObNNw/s1600/P1570780.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdy4fgoKCgYDfcAMegIP51P_d0C0a1GPkVeh6OD9AEcww2mcFaVq-oyBwrN1xpO6FS8GMSwDeHsqE2K9zN8_PyEHB5u3O55264jLGw5cU5RMVjpumSRmlNtrZGVtf5tkVdwStXZEObNNw/s1600/P1570780.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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As for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptmann" target="_blank">Hauptmann</a> Raim Wuchkovich, I did find someone by that name listed as an Unterlieuenant (Second Lieutenant) in <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=YjVVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA230&dq=%22Austro-Hungarian+Monarchy.+K.u.K.+Kriegsministerium%22+Wuchkovich&hl=en&sa=X&ei=H5qZUNn3AYTDtAbu9ICICw&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22Austro-Hungarian%20Monarchy.%20K.u.K.%20Kriegsministerium%22%20Wuchkovich&f=false" target="_blank">Kais. Königl. Militär-Schematismus published in 1830</a>. There is no information on <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=MawAAAAAcAAJ&dq=raim%20wuchkovich&pg=PR5#v=onepage&q=raim%20wuchkovich&f=false" target="_blank">Capitan - Lieutenant</a> Franz Winckhler.<br />
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One thing is certain - the history of the Austrian Army and the Austrian Empire is complex and takes some amount to understand. One recent publication, <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=fyBY0k_ro18C&pg=PA5&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Austrian Army 1836-1866</a>, would be a good place to begin. For a contemporary point of view, see <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=8boaAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA313&dq=Austrian+Army+1843&hl=en&sa=X&ei=UJmbUOfzMcbUtAah1IDoCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Austrian%20Army%201843&f=false" target="_blank">Campbell's Foreign Monthly Magazine, Volume 2</a> published in 1843. <br />
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Plate 1<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_GJKKiMbZBQkhp-uPIW1hpP59QsMumGG0hLHfJocMbPgwk8VHh93en5Y6ZyfKIE2d6eBoFD0tAhA9QX7TYn9aM22hvYeAZpOhYsVwzzTg3txW8kI42H6hFnpuM1cx4Y9P_GWsxvOjD4o/s1600/P1570792.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_GJKKiMbZBQkhp-uPIW1hpP59QsMumGG0hLHfJocMbPgwk8VHh93en5Y6ZyfKIE2d6eBoFD0tAhA9QX7TYn9aM22hvYeAZpOhYsVwzzTg3txW8kI42H6hFnpuM1cx4Y9P_GWsxvOjD4o/s1600/P1570792.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 2<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeCSDc_8HMGscVj5y0IqCpV3MFGU4Pfkd4oVbf9IfoFhUVkWaWdjDjQGNY3IBOjC2CqTxwZaPecA4rvpu5H6mETejOobBVFpp8BJXGx8YRMCTRwxeKEYSdrgmzmsyEDkK_Lgh5-agxerk/s1600/P1570798.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeCSDc_8HMGscVj5y0IqCpV3MFGU4Pfkd4oVbf9IfoFhUVkWaWdjDjQGNY3IBOjC2CqTxwZaPecA4rvpu5H6mETejOobBVFpp8BJXGx8YRMCTRwxeKEYSdrgmzmsyEDkK_Lgh5-agxerk/s1600/P1570798.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 3<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuYZXtf4zbploF5SXAeUP8KYFvmml47XKz25p7-j7kmE4iroLIZ0rjGXfvgilpQdCqYloMogR7fzqQBL7XgnOAj9RC0_bjqJzfHffr20EtXd7hJvKfnEge69QqYuLWd9-zf9m1FEyLocY/s1600/P1570806.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuYZXtf4zbploF5SXAeUP8KYFvmml47XKz25p7-j7kmE4iroLIZ0rjGXfvgilpQdCqYloMogR7fzqQBL7XgnOAj9RC0_bjqJzfHffr20EtXd7hJvKfnEge69QqYuLWd9-zf9m1FEyLocY/s1600/P1570806.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 4<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyX_xrem_O1ChCr1LABl-8UXPiVa94Z8SQj09B6gqI2uGZ28OX64A3N_HlFh63sYjEZPLVy5OS-bMPJEUkKFW1LncmuuNOcaUh15rW7IZSJuc8DPpJJ_KGi8u5dHbYt3H6MmMXIfpQf_s/s1600/P1570811.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyX_xrem_O1ChCr1LABl-8UXPiVa94Z8SQj09B6gqI2uGZ28OX64A3N_HlFh63sYjEZPLVy5OS-bMPJEUkKFW1LncmuuNOcaUh15rW7IZSJuc8DPpJJ_KGi8u5dHbYt3H6MmMXIfpQf_s/s1600/P1570811.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 5<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt99aNPvGzVW6eJVYykCM7zUwBF1HBWokDvSfRGIaspJg4aKtVJiY3IhL9kUjajlJHpBqzk4TuC6W_AnTYfeSRqnUp5PMiZGNGs-BIYFQ6vJGlVU83z0CE3QIAbBCYd2CnBHwjp39x19g/s1600/P1570816.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt99aNPvGzVW6eJVYykCM7zUwBF1HBWokDvSfRGIaspJg4aKtVJiY3IhL9kUjajlJHpBqzk4TuC6W_AnTYfeSRqnUp5PMiZGNGs-BIYFQ6vJGlVU83z0CE3QIAbBCYd2CnBHwjp39x19g/s1600/P1570816.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 6<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqWBx96Fc6-GuxcGvSLTs6kAXtaZ0wXuT6uwdOAWmqf7wGwzBieBtNKz3LxvAwoBQH5d7M-pjG1GiDrG8xQDLkVuF8uXzyAsvUadAZG69Ik5FYAz_XrRJqOvhSRENDwIjpPE7TsgCfMY/s1600/P1570822.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqWBx96Fc6-GuxcGvSLTs6kAXtaZ0wXuT6uwdOAWmqf7wGwzBieBtNKz3LxvAwoBQH5d7M-pjG1GiDrG8xQDLkVuF8uXzyAsvUadAZG69Ik5FYAz_XrRJqOvhSRENDwIjpPE7TsgCfMY/s1600/P1570822.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 7<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6XwxOnG4qEY-f86SlaGY8D6gH8QGeQN6Mop3HnJpESkqMCb89v_Zv89YKa12rXJzAvwcjWXeS7QUznEXQKrshqYzi3_NHF0TGNkqjYGJsTGRDzApkWEvN6LIKCHUiz8rQX2P-mWVYY78/s1600/P1570830.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6XwxOnG4qEY-f86SlaGY8D6gH8QGeQN6Mop3HnJpESkqMCb89v_Zv89YKa12rXJzAvwcjWXeS7QUznEXQKrshqYzi3_NHF0TGNkqjYGJsTGRDzApkWEvN6LIKCHUiz8rQX2P-mWVYY78/s1600/P1570830.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 8<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh7wTlXkPFxqZOUld0lE8sSkkHFzciPuSerQ5EzCXf6UTkch79E4MAmMiIdHOH6EqPfdyIShJawr3Wd_FzMos-g6k6YbQ0QBLGbjBZMLp_o0bzS8D8K50_dGPoEJgg0VGQCHkKY_jfI-c/s1600/P1570836.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhh7wTlXkPFxqZOUld0lE8sSkkHFzciPuSerQ5EzCXf6UTkch79E4MAmMiIdHOH6EqPfdyIShJawr3Wd_FzMos-g6k6YbQ0QBLGbjBZMLp_o0bzS8D8K50_dGPoEJgg0VGQCHkKY_jfI-c/s1600/P1570836.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 9<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTD_ObLC_vEs5BMhh-otjfJ31A9LCi_RDsk-zs7cNc68y-Chxz96sPZmjmOgbRrUM1Rex10CuN4aka957fFK8GcSFAykekjxLWhXQqZcZekV6eATV1kiK88ffocSPABp7C7hFACLO8xl8/s1600/P1570839.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTD_ObLC_vEs5BMhh-otjfJ31A9LCi_RDsk-zs7cNc68y-Chxz96sPZmjmOgbRrUM1Rex10CuN4aka957fFK8GcSFAykekjxLWhXQqZcZekV6eATV1kiK88ffocSPABp7C7hFACLO8xl8/s1600/P1570839.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plan 10<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4XxRKTISS7SJylVFfF08V3Afp8fEvyRnCo4apqekP-QXgjcgQYDNCG5PQgSgyNMK28k-zfexSNjzaTMAG285RE-GpT9EuovfcgC_kjGxjPD3gSbvpe81fxz3kSO6NZ-pyvGMQrklP_gc/s1600/P1570843.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4XxRKTISS7SJylVFfF08V3Afp8fEvyRnCo4apqekP-QXgjcgQYDNCG5PQgSgyNMK28k-zfexSNjzaTMAG285RE-GpT9EuovfcgC_kjGxjPD3gSbvpe81fxz3kSO6NZ-pyvGMQrklP_gc/s1600/P1570843.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 11<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ-XMMEkfq4rsnI4_iJnUYsbR6iayg-oa1OYeiCKEby5OLsfDwdZJbbz8yPnouL9Xti2DbPJ3cgfCnkfIwT_WBFgqEoFDyHZNovLcd8oaGc7Jd3XNTc6YAZc1L3CZAgb2TMAyWiOiFFw4/s1600/P1570849.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQ-XMMEkfq4rsnI4_iJnUYsbR6iayg-oa1OYeiCKEby5OLsfDwdZJbbz8yPnouL9Xti2DbPJ3cgfCnkfIwT_WBFgqEoFDyHZNovLcd8oaGc7Jd3XNTc6YAZc1L3CZAgb2TMAyWiOiFFw4/s1600/P1570849.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 12<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxcTQ6VKpUax4je9SNudynXr8wmAzgldH_IR3I9uu2MOwl21gydj-QKkTEzvuWy051NJ3vNbnArZsj8xFvelN3zzi-4hFfbm2M0rROHGy1my-dy9b8_yGgjnln9lDzHzZbq16c-sB-2hE/s1600/P1570861.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxcTQ6VKpUax4je9SNudynXr8wmAzgldH_IR3I9uu2MOwl21gydj-QKkTEzvuWy051NJ3vNbnArZsj8xFvelN3zzi-4hFfbm2M0rROHGy1my-dy9b8_yGgjnln9lDzHzZbq16c-sB-2hE/s1600/P1570861.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 13<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIvvhX7DQy-lBl3GVwgocULGriYNVxM6pHVMTAciPR1bJhRs71WI-Le7nCL2AFxPkkWyYbYRy1DkZFItuBfjXmM5eKkzd5wVCpLbK_tBY56KKc8wIEJzQmYnhetQ39y5KhCt3-enrc8w/s1600/P1570867.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJIvvhX7DQy-lBl3GVwgocULGriYNVxM6pHVMTAciPR1bJhRs71WI-Le7nCL2AFxPkkWyYbYRy1DkZFItuBfjXmM5eKkzd5wVCpLbK_tBY56KKc8wIEJzQmYnhetQ39y5KhCt3-enrc8w/s1600/P1570867.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 14<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNk1huViWqb6bPj-MSaSqogg-meitNm3T30ySHQWSElPyBpbVcFqB7Kb40xFv5s-BcQiSO0slhZBUOv7SWsPFTs4mZBtMtYFQ9a5l0wDyUUAWELcNljbwohoDRTorqlBYiE6XzWkDNl2s/s1600/P1570876.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNk1huViWqb6bPj-MSaSqogg-meitNm3T30ySHQWSElPyBpbVcFqB7Kb40xFv5s-BcQiSO0slhZBUOv7SWsPFTs4mZBtMtYFQ9a5l0wDyUUAWELcNljbwohoDRTorqlBYiE6XzWkDNl2s/s1600/P1570876.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 15<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRABJ8HWIIv6AxUNIN-k64QlvptU1q3ua4BlG-k0nrdo6EtmOeSuPO-aeummfy4H8k9sKTH8hnP3jjSRV_CLCO0QVMzn3uzptVKfPBtXV8aUtha3hN5vYghdCa7rv0QccHXI3FDl26poM/s1600/P1570883.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRABJ8HWIIv6AxUNIN-k64QlvptU1q3ua4BlG-k0nrdo6EtmOeSuPO-aeummfy4H8k9sKTH8hnP3jjSRV_CLCO0QVMzn3uzptVKfPBtXV8aUtha3hN5vYghdCa7rv0QccHXI3FDl26poM/s1600/P1570883.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 16<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhha9oP0cxM4S5T08-337EJ_CrmtRNGrDCKNN_t06oPan-P5XvtoIVtYUOFaFfFyfo1HWaI3XjVnci5hHG6EDPgbFJmVqbXf4Z5NEZbeVkt0nd9oighfbLqIYzysTvKJ6b_1CU01rqlTBs/s1600/P1570890.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhha9oP0cxM4S5T08-337EJ_CrmtRNGrDCKNN_t06oPan-P5XvtoIVtYUOFaFfFyfo1HWaI3XjVnci5hHG6EDPgbFJmVqbXf4Z5NEZbeVkt0nd9oighfbLqIYzysTvKJ6b_1CU01rqlTBs/s1600/P1570890.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 17<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwgZ00VlhNKozTkKdWs4yldvLymxmBfTw6Xor-FX9zGUmdWfd2_7-L5OKg1fxR7GM3eou48fYkF5fR6gIEqWFF1gsN8IEjlHyTe7NZp6CwdV1D8lncr1wJOav5rVwMRXHGlyAWa_1AhIA/s1600/P1570901.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwgZ00VlhNKozTkKdWs4yldvLymxmBfTw6Xor-FX9zGUmdWfd2_7-L5OKg1fxR7GM3eou48fYkF5fR6gIEqWFF1gsN8IEjlHyTe7NZp6CwdV1D8lncr1wJOav5rVwMRXHGlyAWa_1AhIA/s1600/P1570901.JPG" /></a></div>
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Plate 18<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIyyZT8mfzc69pwSToyaoKzdHFlZWG5g9nUNn1J5D1nvxIiLQJUPEFjSMvj9J6l2Dw5s56ftAtKMi2JahHx0qssjkbWSLerixLVm3oISDp0E98pz1fI-krLSKDmVKxCMZ_4oF3BvRcgBU/s1600/P1570910.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIyyZT8mfzc69pwSToyaoKzdHFlZWG5g9nUNn1J5D1nvxIiLQJUPEFjSMvj9J6l2Dw5s56ftAtKMi2JahHx0qssjkbWSLerixLVm3oISDp0E98pz1fI-krLSKDmVKxCMZ_4oF3BvRcgBU/s1600/P1570910.JPG" /></a></div>
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A few of the faded illustrations (left) and their digital enhancements (right):<br />
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Soldier on horse:<br />
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<br />Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-73019689290122376162012-10-30T12:23:00.001-07:002013-05-26T00:50:34.266-07:00The Narrative of Captain David Woodard <span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">Travel books, especially older ones, can transport you to a world completely different from the one we know today. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQQ1pXnOQncSyjPOHBmIkXjpMmVNPWcmS_5meqACyxZ4WDx5YlXdDdWVue27p9RXvVMflagWiHgoxHElLTKBD43MHiOsGzQgSRrzUC5-UEca8nxhyg833blHBdYs2kPpsh5AnVjiWnJJM/s1600/20121025_222220-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQQ1pXnOQncSyjPOHBmIkXjpMmVNPWcmS_5meqACyxZ4WDx5YlXdDdWVue27p9RXvVMflagWiHgoxHElLTKBD43MHiOsGzQgSRrzUC5-UEca8nxhyg833blHBdYs2kPpsh5AnVjiWnJJM/s640/20121025_222220-001.jpg" width="369" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQQ1pXnOQncSyjPOHBmIkXjpMmVNPWcmS_5meqACyxZ4WDx5YlXdDdWVue27p9RXvVMflagWiHgoxHElLTKBD43MHiOsGzQgSRrzUC5-UEca8nxhyg833blHBdYs2kPpsh5AnVjiWnJJM/s1600/20121025_222220-001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><span id="internal-source-marker_0.4943477015476674"><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 15px; font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">A well told adventure gives us a vivid image of a place and the people. Cultural differences between the author and the new people they encounter seem more pronounced and descriptions are tailored toward the intended audience. Maps and the names of places are different from what we know today. Yet in the course of reading these stories, we discover that basic human nature hasn't changed very much.</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Below is one such book and its subtitle doubles as a summary:</span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=ebw4AAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions" target="_blank">The narrative of Captain David Woodard and Four Seamen: who lost their ship while in a boat at sea, and surrendered themselves up to the Malays in the island of Celebes; containing an interesting account of their sufferings from hungar and various hardships, and their escape from the Malays, after a captivity of two years and a half: also an account of the manners and customs of the country, and a description of the harbours and coast, &C. Together with an Introduction, and an Appendix, containing Narratives of Various escapes from Shipwrecks, under great hardships and abstinence; holding out a valuable seaman's guide, And the Importance of Union, Confidence, and Perseverance, in the Midst of Distress.</a></span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><br /><br /><br /><iframe frameborder="0" height="940" scrolling="no" src="http://books.google.it/books?id=ebw4AAAAMAAJ&pg=PR3&output=embed" style="border: 0px;" width="600"></iframe></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br /></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Who was Captain David Woodard? Though there isn't a lot of information about him, he was an American sailor born around 1759. His age and naval experience suggest he likely participated in the American Revolution. A much older Captain David </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Woodward</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> is mentioned several times in historical papers of the period. In the <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=nGRCAAAAIAAJ&q=woodard#search_anchor" target="_blank">Mariners of the American Revolution</a> lists a David Woodard of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Jason_(1763)" target="_blank">HMS Jason</a> which was captured by the British. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">In the Bibliotheca Britannica of 1824, there is also a reference to this <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=swMJAAAAQAAJ&dq=captain%20david%20woodard&pg=RA1-PA979#v=onepage&q=captain%20david%20woodard&f=false" target="_blank">discrepancy in the spelling</a> of his name. At the end of the book, it is suggested that by 1805, Captain Woodard had retired on "<a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=ebw4AAAAMAAJ&vq=blok&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">a little farm near Boston and was living independently".</a></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="font-weight: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Although the story is told from Captain Woodard's perspective, his narrative was actually written by <a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Vaughan,_William_(1752-1850)_(DNB00)" target="_blank">William Vaughn</a>, a prominent merchant of the time, who met Woodard in London. Vaughn relates the story of meeting Woodard in the introduction:</span></span><br />
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<span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> "On Captain Woodard's arrival off the Isle of Wight he 27th of July, 1796, in a ship called the America, bound from the Isle of France to Hamburgh, he came up to London, conformably to his orders, to the address of Messrs. Vaugh and Son, to receive the instructions that were waiting for him from his owners in America. Accident led to a discovery that he had been a prisoner amongst the Malays in the island of Celebes between two and three years, under great hardships and great trials. He related his adventures; and having ever felt an interest in voyages of discovery and their most remarkable occurrences, I solicited him, during the few days he was under my roof, to allow his narrative to be committed to paper, to which he readily consented....The account was then shown to him, and corrected under his own direction, with permission to print the same at my own discretion....This narrative was drawn up under many disadvantages; which were increased by the shortness of captain Woodard's residence in England. He came to London on the 29th of July, and a few days after returned to Cowes to bring his ship round to the river Thames, where she was discharged; and he sailed for America on the 27th of August, 1796. The causes which delayed its publication were want of leisure, from various avocations of a public and a private nature for the last ten years..."</span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Vaughn's original story was first published in 1804 and again in 1805. Praise and criticism for his account were given in <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=nYgCAAAAYAAJ&lpg=PA260&ots=ybqaW3EFNN&dq=%22william%20pitts%20jacobson%22%20celebes&pg=PA259#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Monthly Review; or Literary Journal</a> in July 1805. The same year, </span><a href="http://archive.org/stream/navalchronicleco13londiala#page/130/mode/2up" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">The Naval Chronicle</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> also included a summary and criticism of the original book by Vaughn. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">In 1808, his story was reprinted under a different title, <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=0hk2PAAACAAJ&dq=Extraordinary+hardships+and+adventures+of+Captain+David+Woodard+and+five+companions,+who+lost+their+vessel,+the+Resistance,+and+afterwards+their+boat+at+sea+:+including+their+escape+from+the+Malays,+after+captivity+of+near+three+years,+and+the+horrid+murder+of+Archibald+Millar,+one+of+the+above+party.&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YQCPUPihHMjIswaas4DQBw&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA" target="_blank">Extraordinary Hardships and Adventures of Captain David Woodard and Five Companions, who Lost Their Vessel, the Resistance, and Afterwards Their Boat at Sea: Including Their Escape from the Malays, After Captivity of Near Three Years, and the Horrid Murder of Archibald Millar, One of the Above Party</a>, by <a href="http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Tegg,_Thomas_(DNB00)" target="_blank">Thomas Tegg</a>.</span><br />
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<a href="http://archive.org/stream/historyofshipwre02redduoft#page/n7/mode/2up" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">A History of Shipwrecks, and Disasters at Sea from Most Authentic Sources</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;"> published as a two volume set in 1833, includes the story of Captain Woodard and his men as well as many other narratives. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="http://archive.org/details/lostshipslonelys00painrich" target="_blank">Lost Ships and Lonely Seas</a></span><span style="vertical-align: baseline;"> by Ralph D. Paine, published in 1921, retells the story of Captain David Woodard. </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">"LONG before the art of Joseph Conrad created Lord Jim to follow the star of his</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">romantic destiny to the somber, misty coast of Patusan, an American sailor lived and dared amazingly among the sullen people of those same mysterious islands of the Far East. He was of the race of mariners whose ships were first to display the Stars and Stripes in those far-distant waters and to challenge the powerful monopolies of the British and Dutch East India companies. Only seven years earlier, in fact, the American ship Empress of China had ventured on the pioneering voyage to Canton. The seas still swarmed with pirates and every merchantman carried a heavy battery of guns and a crew which knew to use them. Amid such conditions were trained the sailors who were to man the Constitution and the other matchless frigates of 1812."</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Woodard is given credit as one of the inspirations to Charles Boardman Hawes when he wrote the following in his 1923 book, </span><span style="text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="http://archive.org/details/themutineers09657gut" target="_blank">The Mutineers</a>:</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> </span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> “TO PAY MY SHOT </span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> To master, mate, and men of the ship Hunter, whose voyage is the backbone </span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">of my story; to Captain David Woodard, English mariner, who more than a </span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">hundred and twenty years ago was wrecked on the island of Celebes; to</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Captain R.G.F. Candage of Brookline, Massachusetts, who was party to the</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">original contract in melon seeds; and to certain blue-water skippers who</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">have left sailing directions for eastern ports and seas, I am grateful for </span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">fascinating narratives and journals, and indebted for incidents in this </span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">tale of an earlier generation.</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> C.B.H.”</span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">In the narrative of Captain Woodard, the intended destination was Makassar, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Celebes" target="_blank">under Dutch control at the time</a>, to resupply their ship on the way to Manila. </span><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Today Celebes is known as the island of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulawesi" target="_blank">Sulwesi</a>. </span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><br /><span style="vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Malays" target="_blank">Malays</a>, as described here, was a general description, but the people of Celebes were made up of several tribes. Though they spoke a common language there were variations from village to village and tribe to tribe. As Captain Woodard and his men encountered different situations on the island, he describes the differences in how they were treated or perceived. </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">Also the way in which the Malays were described or perceived by the intended audience of Georgian era England needs to be taken into account. </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;"> In 1818, the </span><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=_3YIAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=celebes&hl=en&sa=X&ei=i9uPUMjAMM7Msgad0oGgCA&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;" target="_blank">History of the Island of Celebes</a><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;"> by Mr. Roelof Blok is published in which it gives the history and abandonment of the slave trade in Macassar. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">There are many other books from later periods which describe more adventures.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">John Crawfurd gives a description of Celebes in his 1856 <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=gIZAAAAAYAAJ&dq=celebes%20malays&pg=PA86#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries</a>. In 1869, Arthur Russell Wallace wrote <a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=5vkVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA280&dq=celebes+malays&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ZtuPUMvLNJDltQaaoYHABg&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">The Malay Archipelago</a>. </span><br />
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Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-47577978612790716872012-10-24T12:20:00.002-07:002013-05-26T00:50:14.967-07:00Former Lives<span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">Sorting through books, lightly dusting them off and gently opening them up after a long period of hibernation feels like wandering through memories frozen in time.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNTr9dr_yG8wTP593iz0_th-YjpZ7ha_LD4-ZD_hdZhihpmJMhkYa_hq5bITtF-ABcgwimB2nkOc4jAsEh_bzd8P7_mJYpqf9bBF-W-rs8nEHQm6LizfOL4I3MllSpuB2qFtpFC9l3zec/s1600/19700102_010330.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNTr9dr_yG8wTP593iz0_th-YjpZ7ha_LD4-ZD_hdZhihpmJMhkYa_hq5bITtF-ABcgwimB2nkOc4jAsEh_bzd8P7_mJYpqf9bBF-W-rs8nEHQm6LizfOL4I3MllSpuB2qFtpFC9l3zec/s400/19700102_010330.jpg" width="242" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNouo1g-jeLhzC9pbSS_F7phr9ew3U3KAE_BiA2fslsJu764cJkan-4aoxd-94UX_qlEfZPN51F36iQZXqasUcyWiiRC4I5idyBtroURlsEWt-oAhy-bpebvd3W9av61XIQuhf4TKEago/s1600/19700102_010414.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; font-family: arial; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNouo1g-jeLhzC9pbSS_F7phr9ew3U3KAE_BiA2fslsJu764cJkan-4aoxd-94UX_qlEfZPN51F36iQZXqasUcyWiiRC4I5idyBtroURlsEWt-oAhy-bpebvd3W9av61XIQuhf4TKEago/s640/19700102_010414.jpg" width="227" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">At times I wonder just as much about the journey of an individual book as I do about the story pressed onto its pages. How did this book manage to survive wars, floods, fires, humidity, heat and eventually make its way into this library? Even more intriguing is to find a book with institutions or names inscribed on the first few pages. Sometimes there are even years included...former owners, former libraries and former times. Occasionally I decide to search for information on these previous owners, gambling on the idea that at one time a library was limited to those of higher learning and education. For example, I came across this book the other day. </span></div>
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<span style="color: orange; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=YGOVT0C6opoC&dq=letter+scelte+di+m+tullio+cicerone&source=gbs_navlinks_s" target="_blank"> <span style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 18px;">Le lettere scelte di M. Tullio Cicerone tradotte nell'italiano dall'abate Antonio Ambrogi e dedicate a sua eccellenza il signor D. Mario Gabrielli de' principi di Prossedi</span></a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> Clearly, this book had seem some rough days in the past. There are signs of water damage and sections torn. While the leather binding seems to be intact, it looks like it once played host to the sharp point of a compass. Some sections of the pages are loose as well. However, the beautiful script of the former owners are what make it stand out.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Giuseppe Meschini, 182? - This is the name on the the lower half of the page. After a quick search to exclude anyone with that name today, I found him mentioned on a few websites. It seems he was a bass player, <a href="http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contrabbassista" target="_blank">contrabbassista</a>, in the Orchestra of Santa Cecilia in Rome. He was also a <a href="http://liuzzivito.blogspot.it/2011/05/le-scuole-di-contrabbasso-e-i_24.html#uds-search-results" target="_blank">teacher</a> at the<a href="http://www.conservatoriosantacecilia.it/" target="_blank"> Santa Cecilia Conservatory</a> and <a href="http://www.google.it/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&ved=0CCcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.tiscalinet.it%2Fottavasottosopra%2Fbassection%2Fstorie.html&ei=Oh2HUKGBJMbDswbJooGgDw&usg=AFQjCNHBswiM6HJNAdsUsy2Zol3ZaAhf8A&sig2=uUocRAugqSSPAN83SZdbyg" target="_blank">perhaps also a mattress maker</a>. There are some other former items of his floating about on the web. One is a <a href="http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/autographs:-mascagni-pietro,-1863-1945-italian-2-p-crgva6ywej" target="_blank">signed and inscribed edition of the libretto</a> to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavalleria_rusticana" target="_blank">Cavalleria Rusticana </a>(<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zW1abuyEG04" target="_blank">listen here</a>) dedicated to him from <a href="http://www.mascagni.org/" target="_blank">Pietro Mascagni</a>. There is also an <a href="http://www.artfact.com/auction-lot/mugnone-leopoldo-fotografia-con-firma-autografa.-1-p-b5966e0879" target="_blank">autographed photo</a> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopoldo_Mugnone" target="_blank">Leopoldo Mugnone</a>, famous conductor and composer, which was dedicated to Meschini. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The first couple names appear to have been crossed out, though it's still possible to make out some of the letters. Angelo Nizzola is the first name. The second name seems to be the same though is a little harder to make out. For now, I haven't found any information for this name. If I do, I'll post an update. </span></div>
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Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-76856439364857878722012-10-19T00:24:00.000-07:002013-05-26T00:49:44.259-07:00The Virtual Shelf<br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Technology makes the task of putting together a catalog so much </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">easier. Years ago, my husband and his mother tried to create a list </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">and were soon overwhelmed. There are so many ways to approach a home </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">library and sometimes the biggest decision comes in figuring out where </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">to begin.</span><br />
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<a name='more'></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">For now, I decided to begin sorting books by the year they were printed rather than trying to sort by subject or language. I also decided I would need some kind of software and decided to use the program offered at <a href="http://collectorz.com/" target="_blank">Collectorz.com</a>. I haven't entered very many books into the program yet, but one feature I like is the ability to enter links associated with a particular book.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Personally, I am a fan of digitized books, especially when it comes to older, hard to find books. More and more collections are being preserved in this way. <a href="http://books.google.com/" target="_blank">Google Books</a> is one source, though there are </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">many others such as <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/" target="_blank">Project Gutenburg</a>. Another way to find the books </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">you are looking for and the nearest library is through <a href="http://www.worldcat.org/" target="_blank">World Cat</a>, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">which locates books available at libraries around the world. While not </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">every book is listed, the odds are quite good of finding the one you </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">are looking for. In some cases, there are also links to electronic </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;">copies of these books as well.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Below are links to a couple books in Giovanni's collection that have been digitized. I'll try to make more of these links available as I work through the catalog and begin building a virtual bookcase here as well.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=_eNLAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank">Les ruines, ou, Méditation sur les révolutions des empires</a></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=_eNLAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"> By Constantin-François Volney</a></span><br />
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<a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=rD-pFBrnaVkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">Histoire de l'heresie des Iconoclastes </a><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=rD-pFBrnaVkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif;" target="_blank">et de la translation de l'empire aux ...</a><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><a href="http://books.google.it/books?id=rD-pFBrnaVkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false" target="_blank"> By Louis Maimbourg</a></span><br />
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<br />Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-62349830178028843132012-10-18T15:11:00.000-07:002013-05-26T00:49:31.132-07:00The Millinery Arts: Hats from the late 1800s<div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">According to Merriam-Webster, the first known use of the term <a href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/milliner" target="_blank">milliner</a> was in 1530. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">"<a href="http://vintagefashionguild.org/fashion-history/the-history-of-womens-hats/" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px;">The term ‘milliner’ comes from the Italian city of Milan, where the best quality hats were made in the 18th century. Millinery was traditionally a woman’s occupation, with the milliner not only creating hats and bonnets but also choosing lace, trimmings and accessories to complete an outfit.</a>" - Vintage Fashion Guild</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Among the many books on the shelves, there are a few bound volumes of periodicals featuring the height of Italian fashion in the late 1800's. So far I have come across "L'Eco della Moda" and "La Moda Illustrata". These weekly papers featured articles about fashion and news, advice and fictional stories, illustrations of gowns, coats and the latest hats. Below are some examples of the kind thing our great-great-grandmothers may hoped to have in their wardrobes. </span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: xx-small;">Cappello Empire di velluto mordore - Empire hat of golden brown velvet</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9pUBE_o5M-9wdARsv0cHpEQ2OYMJyZ13GSoZekAhEJWVsZ0pYBLp9awgW4oddAeY0D5VriAiI4YmZ39Smqz4UCf7noLr2zFmfG83F5Jrg1c8V-76UiJ9RvolUL2eyWyGJVkovOt-JEoM/s1600/IMG_0012.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9pUBE_o5M-9wdARsv0cHpEQ2OYMJyZ13GSoZekAhEJWVsZ0pYBLp9awgW4oddAeY0D5VriAiI4YmZ39Smqz4UCf7noLr2zFmfG83F5Jrg1c8V-76UiJ9RvolUL2eyWyGJVkovOt-JEoM/s1600/IMG_0012.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: xx-small;">Cappello Tosca di feltro nero - Tosca hat of black felt/ Cappellino di velluto color musco - Moss colored velvet cap </span></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: xx-small;">Cappelli d'autunno e d'inverno - Hats for autumn and winter</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc6tGSD1I5iZtmJ0Dbj_Wksa5qL_o0pOBswTghBnMFBs2GwzwAusO731vmhYuTj9G60xDXjQXXg_5RxQmMJTbxkA_o6ZBJ6ctxtSquVET78NS5MsOph0VT2qjei_gO-YmGcKMDOFpI8WM/s1600/IMG_0010.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc6tGSD1I5iZtmJ0Dbj_Wksa5qL_o0pOBswTghBnMFBs2GwzwAusO731vmhYuTj9G60xDXjQXXg_5RxQmMJTbxkA_o6ZBJ6ctxtSquVET78NS5MsOph0VT2qjei_gO-YmGcKMDOFpI8WM/s1600/IMG_0010.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: xx-small;">Eleganti mantelli da citta - Elegant city cloak</span></td></tr>
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<br />Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7351979497738989682.post-74667832863767688902012-10-18T06:53:00.001-07:002013-05-23T13:30:14.893-07:00Books, books and more books...<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhrz56jYi-_7qGhlLJJZw5A5NpKNmcodh1TBJWMZRFbweWDwC67On9PUtPRyUZiFWWyAMkyQcltJKLfnh8xZyoBpiZpSg_Vk9IkOx5sdzfaGLwD_7vqWEij-8dAsQEhLsET49gUaCt_lQ/s1600/P1530173.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhrz56jYi-_7qGhlLJJZw5A5NpKNmcodh1TBJWMZRFbweWDwC67On9PUtPRyUZiFWWyAMkyQcltJKLfnh8xZyoBpiZpSg_Vk9IkOx5sdzfaGLwD_7vqWEij-8dAsQEhLsET49gUaCt_lQ/s400/P1530173.JPG" width="110" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje6o_rLXTCG5e1Qo-09b9PIm3nqMdBM0MYFn_n8gTcMkkPQ_t9FJGMasP32HugkeCJoNK0L_63M6mkvX0KNkyfsfh1hzxNCi0Lm0Q_bymqB4hfP7TzybYD0ZJqkudibXzzD4KAlXe2U9Y/s1600/P1530174.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje6o_rLXTCG5e1Qo-09b9PIm3nqMdBM0MYFn_n8gTcMkkPQ_t9FJGMasP32HugkeCJoNK0L_63M6mkvX0KNkyfsfh1hzxNCi0Lm0Q_bymqB4hfP7TzybYD0ZJqkudibXzzD4KAlXe2U9Y/s320/P1530174.JPG" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">My father-in-law, Giovanni, was interested in many things - art, architecture, history, geography, politics and more. He grew up in a time before computers and the internet made information so much easier to find (hard to believe these days!). Books were always at the top of his list. He translated books. He was an antiquarian for a time in his life. At times his books were a burden, such as when he had to move from one place to another, but they were always a passion and they were always overflowing the bookshelves. He was the kind of person who could remember everything he had ever read. He was a walking library of information. Unfortunately he passed away earlier this year and now I've taken up the task of organizing and cataloging the many shelves. In the process, I've come across images or pages that just beg to be shared.</span></div>
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Emmilyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17891144705273217390noreply@blogger.com4